Insufficiency of this muscle along with the gluteus medius results in a positive Trendelenburg test. Function: Hip abduction and medial rotation.It also has a bursa between the tendon and the insertion at the greater trochanter.
It originates between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines of the anterior aspect of the ilium and inserts on the anterior aspect of the greater trochanter.
Anatomy: The muscle is found deep to the gluteus medius.Depth of penetration is dependent on the amount of adipose tissue. There are also deep branches of the superior gluteal vessels and nerve between the medius and minimus which should be not needled. Precautions: Avoid needling the sciatic nerve.Needle contact at the periosteum is common (Figure 10.2). Strong depression of the subcutaneous tissue is required to reduce the distance from the skin to the muscle. The muscle is needled with flat palpation perpendicular to the muscle along the contour of the iliac crest. Needling technique: The patient is prone or side lying.It is not possible to separate referred pain patterns from the gluteus minimus muscle in the area where the two muscles overlap. Referred pain: TrPs may be found throughout the entire muscle with referral to the sacroiliac joint, gluteal and lumbosacral regions, and along the iliotibial tract, gluteal region, posterior thigh and posterior lower leg.Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve from L4, L5 and S1.Insufficiency of this muscle results in a positive Trendelenburg test. A bursa lies under the tendinous portion over the surface of the trochanter. It originates between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines of the ilium and inserts on the lateral border of the greater trochanter. Anatomy: The muscle is found between the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae.The muscle is needled with flat palpation perpendicular to the muscle along the area of the TrP (Figure 10.1 ). Needling technique: The patient is prone with a pillow under the abdomen or side lying.TrPs in the gluteus maximus muscle can imitate sacroiliac pain. Referred pain: Pain referral is along the inferior or inferior-lateral aspect of the sacrum, the gluteal fold, or insertion along the iliotibial tract.Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve from L5, S1 and S2.Function: Hip extension, lateral rotation and stabilization of the iliotibial tract.Anatomy: The muscle originates at the posterior aspect of the ilium, the lower part of the sacrum and coccyx inferior and lateral across the greater trochanter to the iliotibial band of the tensor fascia lata and the gluteal tuberosity.
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